{"id":4685,"date":"2021-07-08T15:11:00","date_gmt":"2021-07-08T18:11:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/oca.eco.br\/?p=4685"},"modified":"2021-07-14T15:44:45","modified_gmt":"2021-07-14T18:44:45","slug":"os-botos-da-amazonia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/oca.eco.br\/en\/os-botos-da-amazonia\/","title":{"rendered":"The Amazon River Dolphin"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"4685\" class=\"elementor elementor-4685\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6305672 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6305672\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7caf57b\" data-id=\"7caf57b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-09a1c62 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"09a1c62\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The Amazon River Dolphin<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b7f45d1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b7f45d1\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ccabc00\" data-id=\"ccabc00\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ed6d8be elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"ed6d8be\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-6bee54b elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"author\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/oca.eco.br\/en\/author\/lapmar-sites\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-user-circle\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-author\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tlapmar.sites\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-8870801 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/oca.eco.br\/en\/2021\/07\/08\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time>July 8, 2021<\/time>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-80df317 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"commentCount\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/oca.eco.br\/en\/os-botos-da-amazonia\/#respond\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-comment-dots\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-comments\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tNo Comments\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c200595 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c200595\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a1d275a\" data-id=\"a1d275a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ad37d5d elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ad37d5d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"624\" height=\"351\" src=\"https:\/\/oca.eco.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/99396358_f611f135-f383-4488-b43b-2283867bcb05.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-4687\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c8fb2f7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c8fb2f7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Figure 1. Amazon river dolphin. Photo: Omacha Foundation, available at:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/portuguese\/brasil-42486425\">https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/portuguese\/brasil-42486425<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d311b7f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d311b7f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-495e95e\" data-id=\"495e95e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-43334fb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"43334fb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>River dolphins, or porpoises, are found only in northern South America and Asia continent. Porpoises are of the order <em>Cetacea<\/em>, similar to dolphins. However, they are phylogenetically distinct from marine dolphins, that is there was a divergence in evolution to the point of separating one species into two.<\/p><p>This evolution has taken place over millions of years, and some dolphin species have adapted so well to freshwater habitats that they are now very different from their marine ancestors.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8a42081 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8a42081\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0cbb301\" data-id=\"0cbb301\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a2f8e93 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a2f8e93\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-small\">Amazon dolphins are endemic, that is, native to the Amazon region.<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5383319 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5383319\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In the scientific community, <strong>there are still doubts about how many species of porpoises exist in the world<\/strong>. In the 1980s, they began to discuss the different species of dolphin in the Amazon. Currently, only two species are recognized, and two are proposed. The recognized species are the pink dolphin: <em>Inia geoffrensis geoffrensis<\/em> in the Amazon basin, and <em>Inia geoffrensis humboldtiana<\/em>, in the Orinoco River Basin. The proposed species are the <em>Inia boliviensis<\/em> (Bolivia dolphin) in the Madeira River Basin, and the <em>Inia araguaiaensis<\/em> (Araguaiano dolphin) in the Araguaia-Tocantins Basin.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-20d4bb1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"20d4bb1\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6d88557\" data-id=\"6d88557\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0f86868 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"0f86868\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"812\" height=\"542\" src=\"https:\/\/oca.eco.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/original_ww2131991_1-scaled-1-1024x683.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-4691\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f49e33c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f49e33c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Figure 2. Pink dolphin, Inia geoffrensis species. Available in: <a href=\"https:\/\/forumdesustentabilidade.com.br\/conservacao-de-botos-no-brasil-colombia-equador-e-peru-chega-mais-perto-de-um-plano-regional\/boto-amazon-river-dolphin-inia-geoffrensis\/\">https:\/\/forumdesustentabilidade.com.br\/conservacao-de-botos-no-brasil-colombia-equador-e-peru-chega-mais-perto-de-um-plano-regional\/boto-amazon-river-dolphin-inia-geoffrensis\/<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e514fa3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e514fa3\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f22bd72\" data-id=\"f22bd72\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0e9bebb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0e9bebb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Researchers<sup>1<\/sup><sup>,2<\/sup> claim that <em>I. boliviensis<\/em> and<em> I. geoffrensis<\/em> are valid species and differ based on coloration, length-to-mass ratio, cranial features, number of teeth, brain size, head index, and sternum shape. The specie <em>Inia araguaiaensis <\/em>has deviated from <em>Inia geoffrensis <\/em>for more than two million years, and might be associated with major geological events in the Amazon basin.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a615139 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a615139\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-642994e\" data-id=\"642994e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ae67fea elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ae67fea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"473\" height=\"484\" src=\"https:\/\/oca.eco.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/mapa-e1625766101978.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-4688\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/oca.eco.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/mapa-e1625766101978.png 473w, https:\/\/oca.eco.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/mapa-e1625766101978-293x300.png 293w, https:\/\/oca.eco.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/mapa-e1625766101978-12x12.png 12w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 473px) 100vw, 473px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bf2f277 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bf2f277\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Figure 3. Representation of the distribution of Amazon river dolphins. Source: Hrbek et al., 2014.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-726a88d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"726a88d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b1fb36e\" data-id=\"b1fb36e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13b387a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"13b387a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In the Amazon basin, there is still the species <em>Sotalia fluviatilis<\/em>, called Boto Tucuxi, which lives exclusively in river environments. However, the Tucuxi is not genetically related to river porpoises, being considered a marine dolphin.<\/p><p>Although there are morphological differences (in the body) of the different species of porpoise, the big difference is molecular. Another way to distinguish dolphin species is through the acoustic characteristics of mammalian vocalization and the echolocation mechanisms of each species. For example, some researchers have noted that Amazon dolphins (<em>Inia<\/em> spp.) exhibit specific vocalization acoustic properties that are different from the sounds produced by the newly described species <em>I. araguaiaensis<\/em> and <em>I. <\/em><em>boliviensis.<\/em><\/p><p>Regardless of the species, the <strong>porpoises are threatened with extinction <\/strong>by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). It is possible to find out about the Boto Cor de Rosa <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucnredlist.org\/species\/10831\/50358152\">here<\/a> and the Boto Tucuxi <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucnredlist.org\/species\/190871\/50386457\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-118e142 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"118e142\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-small\">Threat to porpoises<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ad98e0a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ad98e0a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In recent years, the population of Amazon river dolphins has been threatened by fishermen, because their meat and fat are used as bait in fishing for catfish <em>Calophysus macropterus<\/em>called Piracatinga, which is a species commercialized mainly on the foreign market.<\/p><p>To minimize the threat to porpoises, in 2015 the fishing and commercialization of Piracatinga was prohibited (through the Interministerial Normative Instruction MPA\/MMA No. 06\/2014). In 2020, the fishing ban was renewed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f177058 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"f177058\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/oca.eco.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/MichaelGoulding_02108-3001.jpg\" title=\"\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f9cc74 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8f9cc74\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Figure 4. The catfish Calophysus macropterus, called Piracatinga. Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/amazonwaters.org\/fish\/piracatinga\/\">https:\/\/amazonwaters.org\/fish\/piracatinga\/<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1a6041 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b1a6041\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In addition to direct fishing, another threat to the Amazon porpoise population is accidental capture in fishing nets along the river. Researchers describe that this type of capture occurs in the Mamirau\u00e1 channel (AM), which connects to the Mamirau\u00e1 lake system. Porpoises have the habit of crossing the channel to access the lakes, however, this is usually completely closed off by gill nets at night. Gill is a passive fishing gear, where the capture occurs when the fish or organism gets caught in the net and can cause the death of the captured organisms.<\/p><p>Other threats to porpoises are indiscriminate killing due to conflicts with fishing activities (porpoises damage fishing apparatus and steal or damage fish caught in nets), increased vessel traffic, loss and degradation of their habitats, and construction of waterways and dams.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a11f423 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a11f423\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9da4202\" data-id=\"9da4202\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-30c78a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"30c78a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"267\" src=\"https:\/\/oca.eco.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/boto-preso.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-4693\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-322a1d3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"322a1d3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Figure 5. Female with a pink dolphin attached to a fishing tackle. Source: The ECO, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.oeco.org.br\/salada-verde\/boto-cor-de-rosa-e-salvo-apos-ficar-preso-em-rede-de-pesca-na-amazonia\/\">https:\/\/www.oeco.org.br\/salada-verde\/boto-cor-de-rosa-e-salvo-apos-ficar-preso-em-rede-de-pesca-na-amazonia\/<\/a>. Photo: Thayara Carrasco\/Instituto Mamirau\u00e1.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-66977cc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"66977cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-small\">Porpoises Tourism<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2a5824 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2a5824\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>As a way of protecting porpoises, Ecotourism is an economic activity that has been growing in some municipalities and raises awareness of the importance of protecting these species. However, the activity still does not present solid regulation and is focused on the interaction and feeding of the animal (Figure 6). According to National Geographic and Animal Welfare and Conservation Organizations, activities that involve interaction with wildlife can modify the natural behavior of animals in their environment. This interaction can occur in different ways, whether to get the \u201cbest\u201d picture or even offering foods that are different from the diet, such as biscuits and pieces of bread.<\/p><p>As a way to minimize these impacts on animals, the regulation and control of ecotourism activities with the boto are based on the following legislation:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d3fd5b0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d3fd5b0\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c6949db\" data-id=\"c6949db\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4a4772b\" data-id=\"4a4772b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d079ef elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1d079ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u201cLaw 9,605\/1998, which establishes a prison sentence of three months to one year and a fine for those who commit acts of abuse, ill-treatment, injuring or mutilating wild, domestic or domesticated animals, native or exotic. And Article 30 of Presidential Decree 6,514, which establishes fines for those who intentionally molest any species of cetacean (whales and dolphins), pinniped (seals, sea lions, walruses) or sirenium (manatee) in Brazilian waters\u201d (ICMBio, 2016).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5b3ea34 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5b3ea34\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6e5989a\" data-id=\"6e5989a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ec38a14 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ec38a14\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"812\" height=\"539\" src=\"https:\/\/oca.eco.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/national-geographic.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-4690\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c8cd4c6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c8cd4c6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Figure 6. Instituto Chico Mendes de Conserva\u00e7\u00e3o da Biodiversidade (ICMBio). <strong>New life to pink dolphins<\/strong>, 2016. Available at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.icmbio.gov.br\/portal\/ultimas-noticias\/20-geral\/7725-vida-nova-aos-botos-vermelhos\">https:\/\/www.icmbio.gov.br\/portal\/ultimas-noticias\/20-geral\/7725-vida-nova-aos-botos-vermelhos<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6628474 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6628474\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-db18571\" data-id=\"db18571\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ce676d5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ce676d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>There is still a way to go when it comes to the protection and conservation of Amazon porpoises. In recent years, the rapid decline of this population of mammals shows that inspection actions in human and porpoise contact are necessary, as well as the recognition and estimation of the number of members of the porpoise populations, so that there is better control and protection for these species.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-285a51a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"285a51a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f02ac10\" data-id=\"f02ac10\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e037bb2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e037bb2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">References<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-186d6f4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"186d6f4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Alves, L. C. P. S., Machado, C. J. S., Vilani, R. M., Vidal, M. D., Andriolo, A., Azevedo, A. F. As atividades tur\u00edsticas baseadas na alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o artificial de botos-da-Amaz\u00f4nia (Inia geoffrensis) e a legisla\u00e7\u00e3o ambiental brasileira. <strong>Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente<\/strong>, 28, 2013.<\/p><p><sup>2<\/sup>Da Silva, V. 1994. Aspects of the biology of the Amazonian dolphin genus Inia and Sotalia fluviatilis. PhD. Dissertation. University of Cambridge. 327 pp.<\/p><p><sup>3<\/sup>Hrbek T, Da Silva VMF, Dutra N, Gravena W, Martin AR, Farias IP. 2014. A new species of river dolphin from Brazil or: how little do we know our biodiversity. <strong>PLOS ONE<\/strong> 9(1):e83623. DOI 10.1371\/journal.pone.0083623.<\/p><p>Melo, J. F., Amorim, T. O., Paschoalini, M., &amp; Andriolo, A. The biosonar of the boto: evidence of differences among species of river dolphins (Inia spp.) from the Amazon.\u00a0<strong>PeerJ<\/strong>,\u00a0v. 9<em>, <\/em>e11105, 2021. DOI 10.7717\/peerj.11105.<\/p><p>Minist\u00e9rio da Agricultura, Pecu\u00e1ria e Abastecimento<strong>. Pesca e comercializa\u00e7\u00e3o da piracatinga ficam proibidas por um ano no pa\u00eds<\/strong>, 2020. Dispon\u00edvel em: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.br\/agricultura\/pt-br\/assuntos\/noticias\/moratoria-da-pesca-da-piracatinga\">https:\/\/www.gov.br\/agricultura\/pt-br\/assuntos\/noticias\/moratoria-da-pesca-da-piracatinga<\/a><\/p><p>National Geographic. <strong>Reportagem especial: animais selvagens sofrem com o turismo &#8216;fast-food&#8217; na Amaz\u00f4nia<\/strong>, 2017. Dispon\u00edvel em: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographicbrasil.com\/meio-ambiente\/2017\/10\/reportagem-especial-animais-selvagens-sofrem-com-o-turismo-fast-food-na\">https:\/\/www.nationalgeographicbrasil.com\/meio-ambiente\/2017\/10\/reportagem-especial-animais-selvagens-sofrem-com-o-turismo-fast-food-na<\/a>.<\/p><p><sup>1<\/sup>Pilleri, G. &amp; Gihr, M., 1980. Additional considerations on the Taxonomy of the genus Inia<strong>. <\/strong><strong>Investigations on Cetacea<\/strong>, 11: 15\u201327.<\/p><p>Pol\u00edtica por Inteiro. <strong>GT sobre a pesca da piracatinga: quais os riscos ambientais em jogo<\/strong>, 2021. Dispon\u00edvel em: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.politicaporinteiro.org\/2021\/01\/22\/gt-sobre-a-pesca-da-piracatinga-quais-os-riscos-ambientais-em-jogo\/\">https:\/\/www.politicaporinteiro.org\/2021\/01\/22\/gt-sobre-a-pesca-da-piracatinga-quais-os-riscos-ambientais-em-jogo\/<\/a>.\u00a0<\/p><p>Silva VMF; Freitas CEC; Dias RL; Martin AR. Both cetaceans in the Brazilian Amazon show sustained, profound population declines over two decades. <strong>PLoS ONE<\/strong> 13(5): e0191304, 2018. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0191304\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0191304<\/a>.<\/p><p>Reeves, R. R., &amp; Martin, A. R. (2009). River Dolphins. Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals, 976\u2013979. doi:10.1016\/b978-0-12-373553-9.00223-6<\/p><p>Rodrigues, G. A., Fontes, D. F., &amp; Santiago, D. A. M. A MATAN\u00c7A DE BOTO NA REGI\u00c3O AMAZ\u00d4NICA POR PESCADORES. <strong>Revista de Estudos Interdisciplinares do Vale do Araguaia-REIVA<\/strong>, 1(01), 2018.<\/p><p>The Society of Marine Mammals. <strong>Sotalia fluviatilis (Tucuxi),<\/strong> 2021. Dispon\u00edvel em: <a href=\"https:\/\/marinemammalscience.org\/facts\/sotalia-fluviatilis\/\">https:\/\/marinemammalscience.org\/facts\/sotalia-fluviatilis\/<\/a>.<\/p><p>VIDAL, M. D. (2011). Botos e turistas em risco.<strong>Ci\u00eancia Hoje<\/strong>, <em>47<\/em>(281), 73-75.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a60c3b1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a60c3b1\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c894dc9\" data-id=\"c894dc9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-76b5f61 elementor-share-buttons--view-icon elementor-share-buttons--shape-circle elementor-share-buttons--skin-gradient elementor-grid-0 elementor-share-buttons--color-official elementor-widget elementor-widget-share-buttons\" data-id=\"76b5f61\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"share-buttons.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid\" role=\"list\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-share-btn elementor-share-btn_facebook\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Share on facebook\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-share-btn__icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fab fa-facebook\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-share-btn elementor-share-btn_twitter\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Share on twitter\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-share-btn__icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fab fa-twitter\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Conhe\u00e7a os botos da Amaz\u00f4nia.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4690,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_theme","format":"standard","meta":{"zakra_general_container_width":0,"zakra_general_content_width":0,"zakra_general_sidebar_width":0,"zakra_sticky_header":"customizer","zakra_header_main_area":true,"zakra_site_logo_width":0,"zakra_header_top_enabled":"customizer","zakra_header_top_style":"customizer","zakra_primary_menu_item_style":"customizer","zakra_page_header_text_color":"","zakra_page_header_layout":"customizer","zakra_page_title_bg":"","zakra_footer_widgets_bg_image":0,"zakra_page_title_bg_repeat":"customizer","zakra_page_title_bg_position":"customizer","zakra_page_title_bg_size":"customizer","zakra_page_title_bg_attachment":"customizer","zakra_breadcrumbs_enabled":"customizer","zakra_breadcrumbs_text_color":"","zakra_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","zakra_breadcrumbs_link_color":"","zakra_breadcrumbs_link_hover_color":"","zakra_page_title_bg_image":0,"zakra_footer_widgets_enabled":"customizer","zakra_footer_column_layout_1_style":"customizer","zakra_footer_widgets_bg":"","zakra_footer_widgets_bg_repeat":"customizer","zakra_footer_widgets_bg_position":"customizer","zakra_footer_widgets_bg_size":"customizer","zakra_footer_widgets_bg_attachment":"customizer","zakra_footer_bar_enabled":"customizer","zakra_footer_bar_style":"customizer","zakra_page_container_layout":"customizer","zakra_page_sidebar_layout":"customizer","zakra_remove_content_margin":false,"zakra_sidebar":"customizer","zakra_transparent_header":"0","zakra_logo":0,"zakra_main_header_style":"default","zakra_menu_item_color":"","zakra_menu_item_hover_color":"","zakra_menu_item_active_color":"","zakra_menu_active_style":"","zakra_page_header":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4685","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-amazonia"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/oca.eco.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4685","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/oca.eco.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/oca.eco.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oca.eco.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oca.eco.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4685"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/oca.eco.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4685\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7123,"href":"https:\/\/oca.eco.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4685\/revisions\/7123"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oca.eco.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4690"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/oca.eco.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4685"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oca.eco.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4685"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oca.eco.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4685"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}